{"id":951,"date":"2019-11-30T13:10:51","date_gmt":"2019-11-30T10:10:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/multimediabilgisayar.com\/blog\/?p=951"},"modified":"2024-11-06T14:10:39","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:10:39","slug":"nedir-bu-snmp-ne-ise-yarar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/multimediabilgisayar.com\/blog\/nedir-bu-snmp-ne-ise-yarar\/","title":{"rendered":"Nedir bu SNMP? Ne i\u015fe yarar?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nedir<\/p>\n

SNMP nedir?<\/h2>\n

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol \u2013 Basit A\u011f Y\u00f6netim Protokol\u00fc) ad\u0131nda da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi a\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netirken, a\u011f y\u00f6neticisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan basit bir uygulama katman\u0131 protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Temel anlamda, geni\u015f a\u011flarda cihazlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimini ve denetimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. SNMP kullan\u0131larak a\u011fda bulunan Y\u00f6nlendirici (Router), Anahtarlay\u0131c\u0131 (Switch), Eri\u015fim Sunucusu (Access Server), K\u00f6pr\u00fc (Bridge) ve hatta bilgisayar gibi cihazlar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k, cihaza ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, \u0130nternet ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131, cihaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi gibi temel bilgiler elde edilebilir.<\/span> Bu \u015fekilde a\u011f\u0131n performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131labilir, a\u011fdaki problemler bulunup \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir ya da a\u011fda b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden planlama yap\u0131labilir. TCP\/IP protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131<\/strong><\/a> olan SNMP, IP adreslerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece kendi fiziksel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil y\u00f6nlendiricilerin di\u011fer aray\u00fczlerinin de kontrol edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

SNMP, ajan uygulama, y\u00f6netici uygulama ve a\u011f y\u00f6netim sistemi ad\u0131 verilen 3 bile\u015fenden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/h3>\n

Ajan Uygulama:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki cihazlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamad\u0131r. Bu uygulama ile cihaz\u0131n gerekli bilgileri al\u0131n\u0131r ve kay\u0131tl\u0131 tutularak y\u00f6netici uygulamaya aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00f6neticiden gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bu uygulama taraf\u0131ndan cihaza uygulan\u0131r. Yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 bu uygulama, SNMP\u2019nin, kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 cihazlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bile\u015fenidir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netici Uygulama:<\/strong>\u00a0Ajan uygulama ile a\u011f y\u00f6neticisi aras\u0131ndaki bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan uygulamad\u0131r. Yani, ajan uygulamadan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaz bilgilerini y\u00f6neticiye, y\u00f6neticiden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fiklik isteklerini de ajan uygulamaya ileten bile\u015fendir.<\/p>\n

A\u011f Y\u00f6netim Sistemi:<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00f6netici birimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve t\u00fcm a\u011fdaki cihazlar\u0131n bilgilerinin e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak izlenmesini ve y\u00f6netimini sa\u011flayan yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticinin, ajan uygulamadan almak istedi\u011fi bilgiler hiyerar\u015fik bir \u015fekilde tutulmaktad\u0131r. Her bir bilgi i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f parametreler vard\u0131r. Bu bilgilerin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 birime Y\u00f6netim Bilgi Birimleri (Management Information Base \u2013 MIB) ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

SNMP\u2019de herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin de\u011ferine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in evrensel olarak belirlenmi\u015f birimlerce ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, cihaz\u0131n \u00fcreticisi taraf\u0131ndan atanan cihaz a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 1.3.6.1.2.1.2 numaral\u0131 bilgi biriminde tutulur.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131nda bu rakamlar;<\/h4>\n

ISO (\u0130nternational Standart Organization \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Standart Organizasyonu)<\/p>\n

Identified-organization (Organization Name \u2013 Organizasyon \u0130smi)<\/p>\n

Dod (Depertmant Of Defence \u2013 Savunma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet (Ip Based Internet \u2013 \u0130p Tabanl\u0131 \u0130nternet)<\/p>\n

MGMT (Network Management Entries \u2013 A\u011f Y\u00f6netim Bilgileri)<\/p>\n

M\u0130B-2 (Managemant Information Base \u2013 Y\u00f6netim Bilgi Birimleri) de\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

MIB adreslerinin ilk d\u00f6rt say\u0131s\u0131 standartlar gere\u011fi ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Ve 1.3.6.1 \u015feklinde ba\u015flar. MIB adresleri bilgi i\u00e7ermezler, sadece cihaz \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunan bilginin yolunu belirtirler. Bu \u015fekilde t\u00fcm adresler cihazlara \u00f6zeldir. Yani k\u0131saca ajan uygulama ile y\u00f6netici aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bilgiler MIB\u2019lerde tutulmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/a> A\u011f y\u00f6neticisi, y\u00f6netilen cihazlar\u0131 SNMP\u2019de 4 komut ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Bunlar: read, write, trap ve traversal komutlar\u0131d\u0131r, ve tamam\u0131 a\u011f y\u00f6netim sistemi yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Nedir<\/p>\n

SNMP Portlar\u0131 : <\/strong>TCP ve UDP 161 \u2018dir<\/p>\n

SNMP Trap i\u00e7in : <\/strong>UDP 162. Port Kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>\n

SNMP \u2018de kullan\u0131lan metodlar<\/strong> read: <\/strong>A\u011f y\u00f6netim sistemi taraf\u0131ndan ajan uygulaman\u0131n oldu\u011fu cihaz bilgilerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

write:\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0A\u011f y\u00f6netim sistemi taraf\u0131ndan cihazlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131land\u0131rma yapmaya yarar.<\/p>\n

trap: <\/strong>\u00a0Cihazda meydana gelecek olan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri a\u011f y\u00f6netim sistemine bildirmeye yarar. Trap mesajlar\u0131 UDP 162. porttan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n

traversal:<\/strong>\u00a0Ajan uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaz \u00fczerinde hangi de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin MIB\u2019de bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SNMP\u2019nin temel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi istek g\u00f6nderme ve g\u00f6nderilen iste\u011fe cevap alma \u015feklinde olur. Transport (Ula\u015f\u0131m) katman\u0131nda UDP protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yani g\u00f6nderilen bilgiler adrese ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmez. Bunun avantaj\u0131 ise, gereksiz paket trafi\u011finden kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f y\u00f6neticisi, ajan uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaza ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu bilgi iste\u011fini g\u00f6nderir buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k cihaz da istenilen bilgileri y\u00f6netici uygulama sayesinde a\u011f y\u00f6neticisine g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

Bu i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/h3>\n

GET:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u011f y\u00f6neticisi taraf\u0131ndan, y\u00f6netilen cihazlardaki bir veya birden fazla cihaz bilgisini elde etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen istektir. Buradan elde edilecek de\u011fer Y\u00f6netim Bilgi Birimindeki ilgili de\u011ferlerdir.<\/p>\n

GETNEXT:<\/strong>\u00a0Get komutu ile elde edilen bilginin bir sonrakini elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SET:<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00f6netici taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen cihaz \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak olan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen komuttur.<\/p>\n

TRAP:<\/strong> Bu komut ajan uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihazda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmas\u0131 durumunda y\u00f6neticiye otomatik olarak bilgi de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini haber vermeye yarayan i\u015flemdir. Bu i\u015flemde di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, y\u00f6netim sisteminden herhangi bir istek g\u00f6nderilmez. Cihazda de\u011fi\u015fiklik alg\u0131lan\u0131nca y\u00f6neticiden bir istek gelmeksizin de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi rapor eden bir paket y\u00f6neticiye g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n

GETBULK:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu istek b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu bilgilerin daha verimli bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yani, bu i\u015flemle beraber ayn\u0131 tabloda birden fazla s\u00fctun g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc almak m\u00fcnk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

INFORM:<\/strong>\u00a0Bir y\u00f6netim sisteminden di\u011fer y\u00f6netim sistemini bilgilendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. SNMP\u2019nin de de\u011fi\u015fik s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri vard\u0131r. Bunlar SNMPv1, SNMPv2 ve SNMPv3 olmak \u00fczere 3 tanedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan i\u015flemler t\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcmler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. SNMPv1 de sadece GET, GETNEXT, SET ve TRAP gibi temel SNMP i\u015flemleri yap\u0131labilir. Bunlara ek olarak yap\u0131labilen GETBULK ve INFORM i\u015flemleri di\u011fer iki s\u00fcr\u00fcmde mevcuttur. Ayr\u0131ca son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011ferlerinden fark\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Son s\u00fcr\u00fcmde y\u00f6netici ile ajan uygulama aras\u0131ndaki bilgiler \u015fifreli bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6nderilir.<\/strong><\/a> Son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn bir di\u011fer avantaj\u0131 da kimlik denetimini m\u00fcnk\u00fcn k\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SNMP ile g\u00f6nderilen paketlerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi genel anlamda iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Bunlar ba\u015fl\u0131k (header) ve protokol veri bile\u015feni (Protokol Data Unit \u2013 PDU) dir. Ba\u015fl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131nda, kullan\u0131lan SNMP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 ve topluluk bilgileri belirtilir. PDU\u2019nun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bilgiler, PDU \u00e7e\u015fidi (PDU type), \u0130stek numaras\u0131 (Request ID), Hata durumu (Error status), Hata tipi (Error Index) ve PDU\u2019nun Veri k\u0131sm\u0131 (object value) \u015feklindedir. Bu bi\u00e7im get komutu ile al\u0131nan bir SNMP paketi format\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca trap ve getbulk komutlar\u0131 ile elde edilecek olan paket i\u00e7eri\u011fi farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.multiyazilim.com<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SNMP nedir? SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol \u2013 Basit A\u011f Y\u00f6netim Protokol\u00fc) ad\u0131nda da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi a\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netirken, a\u011f y\u00f6neticisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan basit bir uygulama katman\u0131 protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Temel anlamda, geni\u015f a\u011flarda cihazlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimini ve denetimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. SNMP kullan\u0131larak a\u011fda bulunan Y\u00f6nlendirici (Router), Anahtarlay\u0131c\u0131 (Switch), Eri\u015fim Sunucusu (Access Server), K\u00f6pr\u00fc (Bridge) ve hatta bilgisayar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2474,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[299,300,301,302,303,304],"class_list":["post-951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network","tag-basit-ag-yonetim-protokolu","tag-simple-network-management-protocol","tag-smtp","tag-snmp-ne-ise-yarar","tag-snmp-nedir","tag-sntp"],"yoast_head":"\nNedir bu SNMP? 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